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Questions from psychonauts

What published research and documented traditions say about the questions people ask when they use on their own or with friends, and what we did not find measured. Free, with a source and a reliability level on every claim.

Some people who take part in these experiences do so on their own or with friends, not in a supervised program. We do not judge people for that, and we do not encourage it.

We gather what research and documented traditions report, about benefit as well as risk, and give it here for free, with a source and a reliability level on every claim. Where we did not find something measured, we say so. This page lists the cards that are ready and that speak to psychonauts journeying without a guide.

If something is missing or wrong, or you want to tell us what happened to you or someone you know, there is an anonymous form that asks for no name or contact details. Reports are for adults, 18 and over.

Read this first. This is education, not instructions, and not medical or legal advice. Metanoia supplies no substance and recommends no dose. Most substances discussed here are Schedule I under U.S. federal law (21 CFR 1308.11), state programs such as Oregon's and Colorado's do not change that, and the law differs between countries. We take no position on the legality of any setting, practice or person.
Not an emergency resource. Metanoia is not an emergency service. In a medical emergency in the United States the number is 911, and the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available by call or text. Elsewhere, local emergency numbers apply. Nothing on this page or on the cards is a reason to delay or avoid medical care.

Ready now

Twenty-one questions are written up in full. They are the same cards that people who guide others read, and each one is kept in a single place, so a correction made to a card shows here at once. Most cards are written about people who guide or sit with others. Six of them open with a short note for people using without a guide or with friends or a partner: screening, preparing and setting an intention, one-to-one, group or couples, what a guide does, when it gets hard, and integration.

Guidelines, surveys, state rules

Screening before a session: what programs ask and why

What do guidelines, retreat organizations, practitioners and two state programs report asking about health, and does asking change what happens?

Read the card
Surveys, health records, a review

Mental health history: what studies measured

Is a history of psychosis, mania or trauma linked to what happens after psychedelic use, and what is not known?

Read the card
Trials, reviews, a mouse study

Heart and blood pressure: what studies measured

What do trials and reviews report about heart rate and blood pressure in a session, and what is not known about the heart and valves?

Read the card
Studies, field reports

Antidepressants and other psychiatric medicines

Does an antidepressant dull the experience? What about lithium, and what about weight-loss medicines?

Read the card
Animal studies, a pharmacology review

Weight-loss and diabetes medicines (GLP-1)

Do GLP-1 medicines change the effect of a classic psychedelic? What was located, and what was not?

Read the card
Studies, case reports, retreat interviews

Ayahuasca and antidepressants

What have a simulation, a survey, case reports and retreat interviews measured, and what has not been measured?

Read the card
Pooled studies, a preprint, reviews

Women, men and the life cycle: cycle, menopause, differences in response

Do healthy women and men differ in the acute response, and what is known about the menstrual cycle, contraception and menopause?

Read the card
Studies, surveys, registry records

Preparing and setting an intention

What did studies measure about intention and state of mind before a session, and how is preparation reported?

Read the card
Systematic review, trials, an interview study

Music in a session: what is played and who chooses

What do published sources report about the music played during a session, and does any of it show a link to outcomes?

Read the card
Surveys, a helpline log, state rules

Alone, at home, or remotely: what has been reported

Does being alone, at home or connected only by video change what happens in a session, and what do licensing rules say?

Read the card
Trials, surveys, case reports, retreat interviews

Combining substances and multi-day sequences: what has been reported

What is documented about taking more than one substance in a session or retreat, together or on consecutive days?

Read the card
Pilot trials, a systematic review, interviews, state rules

One-to-one, group, or couples: what has been reported

How are sessions with one facilitator, in a group and with a couple described, and what is known about each?

Read the card
Surveys, rules, guidelines

What a guide or sitter does, and what they leave alone

What do surveys, one state's rules and laboratory guidelines say a sitter does, and does having one change anything?

Read the card
Studies, traditions, field reports

When it gets hard: what helpers do in the moment

What do helpers find out and do when someone is overwhelmed, and how common are hard moments?

Read the card
Laboratory study, review, surveys

How common hard experiences are, and how long they last

How often do people report a hard experience, and why can the figures not be compared directly?

Read the card
Studies, traditions, field reports

Ayahuasca and San Pedro ceremonies

What do surveys, one placebo-controlled study and traditions describe, and what is not known about the plants and the setting?

Read the card
Studies, traditions, field reports

Integration: what happens after a session

What does integration mean, what do retreats and providers report, and does it change how people fare?

Read the card
Surveys, a helpline log, poison centers, coroners' records

When things go wrong: kinds of harm reported

What kinds of harm do published sources report in connection with natural psychedelics, and how was each one counted?

Read the card
Federal rules, court opinion, state and national texts

Regulated and unregulated: what legal texts say about Oregon, Colorado and elsewhere

Which places run licensed, supervised programs with natural psychedelics, and what do official texts say about what sits outside them?

Read the card
Descriptive study, interviews, fieldwork

Retreats: what is offered, promised and charged

What do retreats advertise, what do they list as prices, and has anyone tested their claims?

Read the card
Official pages, community lists, surveys

Choosing a guide or a retreat: the questions people ask

What do published lists name as questions and warning signs, and is any of it known to relate to outcomes?

Read the card

Each card opens with a short answer in plain words. Below it are what research knows, what is not known, and what the card does not say. Where we have read them in full, cards also include what people in the field report, marked as reported practice, not a recommendation. At the end come the sources, each with a level and a reading status. People who guide or host others will find a longer list on For practitioners.

Coming

These 27 topics are on our list and are not yet written up. They are in no promised order and no date is promised, because a topic goes up only after its sources have been read in full. If a question you have is missing, write to main@metanoia-ca.org and we will add it to the list.

  • Pregnancy, breastfeeding and hormones
  • Age: younger and older people
  • Everyday substances around a session: cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine
  • Diet, fasting and preparing the body
  • The room and its safety set-up
  • A friend, a partner, a therapist or a remote “witness”
  • Physical risk and getting medical help
  • Touch and massage
  • What is in it: identity, testing, variability
  • 5-MeO-DMT and bufo
  • Microdosing
  • Other substances: iboga and ibogaine, LSD, mescaline, kambo and peyote
  • Lasting difficulties: sleep, feeling unreal, feeling cut off
  • Repeated sessions and changing response
  • Support lines, peers and supervision
  • The sacred, “the medicine”, the dieta: spiritual and traditional framing
  • Using AI as a helper
  • What is claimed about benefit, and what has actually been measured
  • How to tell a hard moment from an emergency
  • Calling emergency services: what happens, and what the law says about calling
  • Legal risk for psychonauts
  • Driving, work, drug tests and how long effects last
  • Parties, festivals and groups of friends
  • First time, and low experience
  • Products sold as psychedelic products
  • Talking to a doctor or therapist about it
  • Wild mushrooms and look-alikes

Send us a report

We want to hear about sessions and gatherings outside supervised programs. Metanoia runs a research channel for these accounts, including a personal experience, alone or with friends. The form is anonymous, with no field for a name or contact details, and it is for adults, 18 and over. If sending a report could put you at risk where you live, please do not send one. We cannot see or control what our host keeps. We take no position on the legal status of anything a report describes. Please leave out names and anything that identifies a person or a place.

The channel is not monitored in real time and is not an emergency service. If you or someone else needs help now, call 911 or your local emergency number. In the United States you can also call or text 988. The privacy terms, including what our host processes, and the publication policy are on the form page.

Comments and corrections

If a card reports something wrongly, tell us at main@metanoia-ca.org and keep the card name in the subject line. Accounts of what happened in a session belong in the field reports channel, not in email. We read every message.